informatique:outils:bash [Zionetrix]

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====== Bash ======

===== Array =====

  * déclaration : ''array=( 1 2 3 )''
  * ajouter un élément : ''array+=( 4 )''
  * lister tous les éléments : ''echo "${array[@]}"''
  * récupérer le nombre d'élement : ''echo ${#array[@]}''

==== Fonctions utiles ====


=== in_array ===

<code bash>
function in_array() {
    local needle=$1 el
    shift
    for el in "$@"; do
        [ "$el" = "$needle" ] && return 0
    done
    return 1
}
</code>

**Utilisation :**
<code bash>
array=(1 2 3)
in_array 1 ${array[@]} && echo IN
in_array 5 ${array[@]} && echo OUT
</code>

=== is_empty ===

<code bash>
function is_empty() {
        [ $# -gt 0 ] && return 1
        return 0
}
</code>

**Utilisation :**
<code bash>
array=(1 2 3)
is_empty $array && echo empty
! is_empty $array && echo not empty
</code>

=== implode ===

<code bash>
function implode() {
  local d=${1-} f=${2-}
  if shift 2; then
    printf %s "$f" "${@/#/$d}"
  fi
}
</code>

**Utilisation :**
<code bash>
array=(1 2 3)
echo $( implode "," "${array[@]}" )
# Output: 1,2,3
echo -e "- $( implode "\n- " "${array[@]}" )"
# Output:
# - 1
# - 2
# - 3
</code>

=== format_duration ===

<code bash>
function format_duration {
  local T=$1
  local D=$((T/60/60/24))
  local H=$((T/60/60%24))
  local M=$((T/60%60))
  local S=$((T%60))
  (( $D > 0 )) && printf '%d days and ' $D
  printf '%02d:%02d:%02d' $H $M $S
}
</code>

=== dump_ass_array ===

<code bash>
function dump_ass_array() {
        declare -n aarr="$1"
        echo "\"$1\" = {"
        for key in "${!aarr[@]}"; do
                printf '  "%s" => "%s"\n' "$key" "${aarr[$key]}"
        done
        echo "}"
}
</code>

**Utilisation :**
<code bash>
declare -A myarray
myarray[a]="b"
myarray[c]="d"
dump_ass_array myarray
</code>

=== var_dump ===

<code bash>declare -p variableName</code>

===== Gestion des paramètres =====

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash

DEBUG=0
BIN_PATH="/bin/binary"
EXTRA_ARGS=()

function usage() {
        error="$1"
        [ -n "$error" ] && echo "$error"
        cat << EOF
Usage : $(basename $0) [-d] [-b /path/to/binary]
        -b [path]               Binary path (default: $BIN_PATH)
        -d                      Debug mode
        -X                      Enable bash tracing (=set -x)
        -h                      Show this message
EOF
        [ -n "$error" ] && exit 1
        exit 0
}

function debug() {
        [ $DEBUG -eq 1 ] && >&2 echo -e "$( date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' ) - $@"
}

idx=1
while [ $idx -le $# ]
do
        OPT=${!idx}
        case $OPT in
                -d)
                        DEBUG=1
                ;;
                -h)
                        usage
                ;;
                -b)
                        ((idx++))
                        BIN_PATH=${!idx}
                        if [ ! -x "$BIN_PATH" ]
                        then
                                usage "Invalid binary path ($BIN_PATH)"
                        fi
                ;;
                -X)
                        set -x
                ;;
                *)
                        EXTRA_ARGS+=( $OPT )
                ;;
        esac
        ((idx++))
done

debug "Extra args: ${EXTRA_ARGS[@]}"
</code>

===== Barre de progression =====

<code bash>
declare -A PBARS
declare PBID

# Create a progress bar
# Arguments:
# - the progress bar title (default: Progress)
# - total count (default: 100)
# - bar size (default: use all the width of the terminal with a minimum of 5 caracters)
# - the name of the variable use to store the progress bar ID (default: PBID)
function pbar_create() {
    # Define the name of the variable that will store the progress bar ID
    [ -n "$4" ] && PBAR_ID_VAR="$4" || PBAR_ID_VAR=PBID
    declare -n ID="$PBAR_ID_VAR"
    # Generate the progress bar ID
    ID=$( tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 </dev/urandom | head -c 3 )
    # Initialize progress bar information
    PBARS["${ID}_START_TIME"]="$( date +%s )"
    [ -n "$1" ] && PBARS["${ID}_TITLE"]="$1" || PBARS["${ID}_TITLE"]="Progress"
    [ -n "$2" ] && PBARS["${ID}_TOTAL"]="$2" || PBARS["${ID}_TOTAL"]=100
    [ -n "$3" ] && PBARS["${ID}_SIZE"]="$3" || PBARS["${ID}_SIZE"]=0
    PBARS["${ID}_CURRENT"]=0
    PBARS["${ID}_LAST_UPDATE"]=0
    # Draw the progress bar for a first time
    pbar_draw $ID
}

# Finish a progress bar
# Arguments:
# - the ID of the progress bar (default: $PBID)
function pbar_finish() {
    [ -n "$1" ] && ID=$1 || ID=$PBID
    unset 'PBARS[${ID}_START_TIME]'
    unset 'PBARS[${ID}_TITLE]'
    unset 'PBARS[${ID}_TOTAL]'
    unset 'PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]'
    unset 'PBARS[${ID}_LAST_UPDATE]'
    echo
}

# Draw the progress bar
# Arguments:
# - the ID of the progress bar (default: $PBID)
# - extra message to display in the progress bar (before the ETA, optional)
function pbar_draw() {
    [ -n "$1" ] && ID=$1 || ID=$PBID

    # Only update progress bar one time by second
    NOW=$(date +%s)
    [ $NOW -eq ${PBARS[${ID}_LAST_UPDATE]} ] && return

    # Compute progress percentage
    let PERC=${PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]}*100/${PBARS[${ID}_TOTAL]}

    # Compute duration, total duration, ETA & speed
    let DURATION=NOW-${PBARS[${ID}_START_TIME]}
    if [ ${PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]} -gt 0 ]
    then
        let TOTAL_DURATION=DURATION*${PBARS[${ID}_TOTAL]}/${PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]}
        SPEED=$( echo "scale=1; ${PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]}/$DURATION"|bc )
    else
        TOTAL_DURATION=0
        SPEED="?"
    fi
    let ETA=TOTAL_DURATION-DURATION

    # Compute line without the progress bar
    LINE=(
        "${PBARS[${ID}_TITLE]}"
        "[]"
        "${PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]}/${PBARS[${ID}_TOTAL]} (${PERC}%)"
    )
    [ -n "$2" ] && LINE+=( "- $2" )
    LINE+=(
        "- ETA: $(format_duration $ETA)"
        "- $( printf "(%s / %s, %s/s)" "$(format_duration $DURATION)" "$(format_duration $TOTAL_DURATION)" $SPEED )"
    )

    # Compute progress bar length (if not configured)
    read -r TERM_HEIGHT TERM_WIDTH < <(stty size)
    SIZE=${PBARS[${ID}_SIZE]}
    if [ $SIZE -eq 0 ]
    then
        LINE_LENGTH=$( echo "${LINE[*]}"|wc -c )
        SIZE=$[ $TERM_WIDTH - $LINE_LENGTH ]
        [ $SIZE -lt 5 ] && SIZE=5
    fi

    # Set progress bar text
    let DONE=$PERC*$SIZE/100
    let LEFT=$SIZE-$DONE
    LINE[1]="[$(printf "%${DONE}s"|tr ' ' '#')$(printf "%${LEFT}s"|tr ' ' '-')]"

    # Add line padding (if need)
    let LINE_PAD=TERM_WIDTH-${#LINE}
    [ $LINE_PAD -gt 0 ] && LINE+=( "$(printf "%${LINE_PAD}s")" )

    # Compute & display line (strip the terminal width)
    LINE="${LINE[*]}"
    echo -en "\r${LINE:0:$TERM_WIDTH}"

    # Update last progress bar update time
    PBARS[${ID}_LAST_UPDATE]=$NOW
}

# Increment the progress bar
# Arguments:
# - the ID of the progress bar (default: $PBID)
# - extra message to display in the progress bar (before the ETA, optional)
# - all extra arguments will be use to compute the extra message using printf
function pbar_increment() {
    [ -n "$1" ] && ID=$1 || ID=$PBID
    # Compute extra message
    if [ -n "$2" ]
    then
        EXTRA="$2"
        shift 2
        [ $# -gt 0 ] && EXTRA=$( printf "$EXTRA" "$@" )
    else
        EXTRA=""
    fi
    # Increment the progress bar state
    ((PBARS[${ID}_CURRENT]++))
    # Draw the progress bar
    pbar_draw $ID "$EXTRA"
}
</code>

**Utilisation :**
<code bash>
pbar_create "Test" 20
for i in $( seq 1 20 )
do
    pbar_increment
    sleep 0.1
done
pbar_finish
</code>

<note warning>La fonction [[#format_duration]] est nécessaire.</note>